Is it free market or regulated financial systems that underpin Essay

Is it free market or regulated financial systems that underpin long-term economic success and effective corporate governance - Essay Example he financial system through restrictions, laws, requirements and guidelines aimed at influencing the economic outcome, protecting the consumers or environment as well as maintaining the integrity or stability of the financial system. The major problem is that any occurrence of financial crises has been perceived as a failure of the governments or other relevant institutions to apply the necessary regulatory control measures to avert such financial crises (Bernanke, 2000, p.21). On the other hand, the increased government involvement in matters of both market and financial systems regulation has been perceived as highhandedness on the part of the government, and thus criticized on the basis of stifling the free operation of the markets. Thus, either way, the law of unintended consequences always applies. The issue of the operation of the economy and the markets is a tricky one, due to the fact that a complete lack of control of the economic operations by the government makes economic crises more likely and severe in the future (Doepke and Schneider, 2010, p.72). Generally, government or formal regulation that is too heavy may stifle future financial efficiency, while at the same time hindering innovation (Meltzer, 2004, p.163). However, although free market is necessary for economic growth, many critics argue that it may not be sufficient condition for economic success and effective corporate governance. This paper seeks to critically compare the free market and the regulated market systems with a view to evaluating whether it is free market or regulated financial systems that underpin long-term economic success and effective corporate governance using the five major economies namely the USA, UK, Japan, Germany and China as case studies. There are a number of theories that have sought to explain the potential impacts of different financial systems on the overall long term economic success of a country and effective corporate governance. For example, the Theory of

How I Would Direct Act 5 Scene 1 From Macbeth Essay Example for Free

How I Would Direct Act 5 Scene 1 From Macbeth Essay Introduction If I were to direct a new version of Scene 1 of Act 5 in Macbeth I would make it a modernised version. The characters would wear modern clothes and live in modern surroundings and the story would have to be slightly altered to fit this modern setting. I think that I could still let the characters use archaic language as in the original Macbeth script. The scene would be less formal as it seems to be in the RSC version, it would be a lot more relaxed. I would try to make the scene more interesting for younger people and the target audience would be around 12-18. The film would not be a comedy or an action film it would be a tragedy film. To make the scene interesting for this audience I would have to change many parts of the scene like the camera angles, colours and costumes. Casting I would like Lady Macbeth to be a small person who seems defenceless but has a strong mind rather like Sarah Siddons who first played the part of Lady Macbeth in 1785. Lady Macbeth would be a very harsh person who deteriorates throughout the film and in this particular scene is very weak, defenceless and also very stressed. She would not be as old as the Lady Macbeth from the RSC version and would be a lot more like that of the Polanski version. She will also look very pale as she is worried about what she is going to do and she will also have make-up on so she looks tired with bags under her eyes. Also in this scene would be the Gentlewoman who, in my version would be like a Maid in a large modern houshold. She would be quite large (but not too big) and she would be a very friendly and comforting person who was very lively and hyperactive. The Maid would be a very sure and decisive person who would be confident in her own decisions. Also the Maid would be very reliable and a trustworthy person. She would talk a lot in the scene and would be very loyal to Lady Macbeth. She would be very shocked by Lady Macbeths unusual behaviour just like the Gentlewoman in the RSC version. You would be able to see her concern for Lady Macbeth in the actors eyes. The Maid would probably not be English as many Maids in modern times are from foreign countries. The last person to be cast in this scene would be the Doctor. In my version the Doctor would be a very sympathetic man who cares for his patients he would reassure the maid and would be very informed and helpful for Lady Macbeth. As with the maid the doctor would be very shocked and would be worried by Lady Macbeths behaviour unlike the doctor in the Polanski version. The doctors would look very professional but also very caring. The doctor would also be a quite an old man. Costume The costumes in my scene would be quite light and modern and would not be too dark as I thought the costumes used in the RSC version were (or was that because it was in black and white?). I think that Lady Macbeth would wear a night-gown or something similar and would have long hair, probably blonde unlike the RSC version as I did not think that short brown hair would fit with my scene or settings. Lady Macbeth would be quite small also, giving the impression of a defenceless person. The Maid would be wearing the typical maid clothes, probably a dress that was white and blue or black She would be holding a tray of some sort with drinks on. The Doctor would probably be wearing a Hugo Boss suit and have grey hair. He would also wear small glasses that he would wear on the end on his nose which is always shown as a sign of intelligence. He would enter the room with a black suitcase and would have a professional image. I would also like the Doctor to have a small beard aswell. Movement Im my scene the Maid and the Doctor would enter the bedroom of Lady Macbeths house quickly and as they were walking the would be talking. Then Lady Macbeth would enter rubbing her hands in a jerky way and very quickly like the Polanski version. Lady Macbeth would be shivering while the Doctor and Maid were looking on at her. Then Lady Macbeth would go to bed talking in her sleep. After this the concerned Doctor would exit and the scene ends. Language And Performance Im my scene Lady Macbeth would have a quiet tone of voice and would whisper some of her lines. She would not cry out as loud as in the RSC version as I think that it was a bit too exaggerated in that interpretation of the scene. The tone of her voice would be horrified and frightened and would be very alarming to watch. Her voice would be as if it was on the edge and she was about to snap and go completely mad. She needs to show fear aswell when she says Hell is murky because this is showing her fear of death and going to hell for what she has done. The Doctor in this scene would be calm on the outside but he would feel very shocked and he would be asking the Maid questions very quietly almost whispering. The Maids tone of voice would also be shocked and she would almost scream from seeing the distressed Lady Macbeth. She would look away and would seem to be suffering pain from Lady Macbeths suffering. Her voice would show this. I think my version of this scene would be more emotional that the Polanski version but less emotional than the RSC version, it would be a balance between the two. Even though it would be set in modern times the language would remain the same as the original Macbeth script and no parts would be edited from the scenes except for censorship. I would direct some parts of the scene to be how I want them to be shown. At the start of the scene when the Doctor says What have you heard her say the Maid must look extremely worried about what she might tell the doctor. As Lady Macbeth walks out the doctor and Maid will talk in a whisper so that they do not disturb her. Lady Macbeth must look alone and have a blank look on her face. When she says Yet heres a spot referring to the blood which cannot seem to be removed from her hands she must seem angry and frustrated but also sorry for herself. It should seem as though Lady Macbeth is announcing her troubles. The Maid must seem very forgiving and concerned at this point. As the speech of Lady Macbeth goes on she needs to get more and more built up before crying at the end (but not too loud as in RSC). Camera Angles My version of this scene would have a long shot of the Macbeth household at the start of the scene and then would have close ups of the characters faces as in both the Polanski version and the RSC version. This way you can see the characters faces close up so you can almost see what they are thinking. I could also have a Lady Macbeth camera where there is a camera that seems as if it its inside Lady Macbeths head, showing what she sees and hears, this would let the audience know what Lady Macbeth was thinking and seeing and would involve them more in the film. For example when she is trying to wash the blood off her hand but in her dreams she cannot, I could switch to the Lady Macbeth camera to show her saying Out, damned spot! And showing the camera pointing at her hand with the blood on it. Then I could switch back to the bemused Doctor and Maid wondering what is going on. I think this would be a good way of showing the scene. Relationships With Other Characters Lady Macbeth in my cut of the scene would be very close to her Maid and they would care for each other. The Maid would care for Lady Macbeth a lot more than Lady Macbeth would care for the Maid because Lady Macbeth is in my version a very harsh person who does not care much for anyone except for her husband Macbeth. The Maid would be exceptionally loyal to Lady Macbeth and follow all of her orders. The Doctor would also be very caring for both characters and he would trust the Maid although he would be slightly confused as to what is going on and he would rely on the Maid to inform him. Staging, Setting and Lighting I would set the scene in the Macbeth household which would be in the Scottish Highlands. As the setting is so modern the story before this scene would have had to be altered slightly for example instead of killing the King, Macbeth could have killed his boss and become the Manager of a company. The house would be very large and modern and the scene would be mainly set inside Lady Macbeths bedroom. The furniture would be very expensive and modern and the room would be quite light but would have red curtains which the sun would shine through making the whole room seem the colour of blood which would symbolise danger and insecurity. The bed would be a very ornate but modern four poster bed. The Macbeths would be a very upmarket family. This setting would be very different to the setting of the RSC version which seemed to be set on a stage with not much scenery. My version will be alike the Polanski version in that it would be in a proper film set. I would also have a good soundtrack that was one of the things (I think) was missing from both versions of the scene that we saw. The music would be included in the scenes to create more atmosphere but it would be good music that would add atmosphere without really being noticed. General Impression The general impression hopefully made from my scene would be that the audience feels sympathetic towards Lady Macbeth. They should be drawn in so that they end up feeling sorry for her when earlier on in the play they thought she was a deceitful and cold blooded person. It should show people that you cant hide murder or at least she couldnt. I would also keep ideas of blood, sleep and water in the play as these devices add to the drama of the film.

Promotion of Language Proficiency Among Newcomers in Canada

Promotion of Language Proficiency Among Newcomers in Canada Son Ian Lam, Candice Outline Introduction: a.Is it successful in promoting two official language among newcomers in Canada in recent centuries?b. the multicultural policy implemented in 1971 and claim to help immigrant learned at least one of the official language. But before this implement, government also help immigrant to learn these two languages. c. Canada help newcomers in language learning by providing several language program but they also meet obstacles. Body paragraph Official language programs in Canada have a long history until now. These language programs developed along with the change of immigration and language policy in recent centuries. Some may argued newcomers have no time to work while they go to linguistic classes. 13% of students were having a full-time job and 13% of students were having a part-time job. According to the study of Okrainec, K., et al., there is a small group of immigrants having persistent language barrier (2015). 34% of immigrant interviewees revealed that they had persistent language barrier and they had live in Canada for over 15 years. Tendency of these interviewees is older, having family in Canada and married. Conclusion Canada government promote the two official languages by subsidizing newcomers to take part in language programs while they meet some difficulties. In Canada, a multiculturalism country, these language program funding by government boost the promotion of language proficiency and also help newcomers to integrate in the society and economy quicker. Introduction Is it successful in promoting two official language among newcomers in Canada? After the implement of multiculturalism policy in 1971, newcomers from worldwide come to Canada. Most of the recent immigrants have well language proficiency. However, there still have numerous of newcomers are lacking of language skill. This scarcity of language proficiency might lead them meet difficulties to find a job, to see a doctor or integrate into the society. Government have the responsibility to help immigrants to integrate in economy and society. Government develop linguistic program for newcomers from the old days and they also meet obstacle when promoting the widespread of language proficiency.Language programs for newcomers funding by federal and provincial government Official language programs in Canada have a long history until now. These language programs developed along with the change of immigration and language policy. In 1947, Federal government in Canada started a curriculum called CILT (Citizen and Language Instruction and Language Textbook Agreement) for immigrants to develop knowledge and language skills to pass the citizen test (Tollefson, 2002). According to Tollefson, although the supply of this program could not meet the demand, it was hard to know how immigrants understand the instruction and their progress virtually. Soon, the Federal government gave the responsibility to provinces to determine the program content and service (2002). After the Immigration Act at 1967, federal government withdrew the right for province managing education and started a subsidized program called Manpower program which helped immigrants prepare for working (Tollefson, 2002). Immigrants in these language program received 24 weeks training and financial subsidy for living and they were also for higher level education (Tollefson, 2002). In 1969, the Official Language Act declared that there was no clause for people who cannot speak either one official language to learn either one. But sooner in 1971, federal government implement the multiculturalism policy which declared that the government will continue to assist immigrants to acquire at least one of Canadians official language in order to become full participants in Canadian society (Burnaby, 2008). During 1990, the Manpower program was replaced by LINC (current Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada) which is for newcomers in the first three years and LMLT (Labor Market Language Training) which is for LINC graduates (Tollefson, 2002). LINC program works until now. It provides to permanent citizen or refugee for free and participants need to take a language test to know which level they are (Settlement.org, n.d.). The program mostly teach in English and some of the class t each in French. Moreover, some might argue that newcomers have no time to go to class as they need to work. The programs is divided into full time and part time so that students who have a job can also take part in. 13% of students in LINC had a full-time job and 13% of students were having s part-time job (Government of Canada, 2010). According to the survey of Workpermit, 50% of immigrant interviewee reveal they had participated in employment training program and 54.7% had participated in language training program (2012). Additionally, a survey of Government of Canada indicated that 33.6% of students can get a job after taking LINC program and 47.1% improve their English (2010). These statistics reveal that numerous newcomers benefit from these language program no matter their daily life or employment. Language barrier among immigrants According to the study of Okrainec, K., et al., there is a small group of immigrants having persistent language barrier. They collected the data of 2323 immigrants who had completed the Canadian Community Health Survey 2007-2008 and been in the CIC data and also self-reported having language barrier. The study found an abundant percentage of immigrants had long term language barrier even they had lived in Canada for longer than 15 years. This group of interviewee tend to be older (mean age of 52), married or having family member in Canada (2015). These individuals might have more difficulties to their daily life. Yet, they were more likely to have social supports like family member or spouse and they were also not in the main workforce in the society because of their elder age. Conclusion Canada government promote the two official languages by subsidizing newcomers to take part in language programs overtime even they meet some difficulties. From 1947, Canada start helping newcomers to overcome the language barrier. Until now, the LINC program help more than 60,000 newcomers every year (Government of Canada, 2013). In Canada, a multiculturalism country, these language program funding by government boost the promotion of language proficiency and also help newcomers to integrate in the society and economy quicker. Canada accept multitudinous of immigrants every year and many of them are family reunification. Some of them might not know either one of the language. Yet, those immigrants have relatives for supporting. Newcomers can jump to the workforce more straightforward. It is one of the factor makes multiculturalism success as language can help social integration, individuals speak different language need a mutual language to communicate as the consideration of conform ing the multiculturalism policy: the government will continue to assist immigrants to acquire at least one of Canadians official language in order to become full participants in Canadian society (Burnaby, 2008). References Burnaby, B. (2008). Language policy and education in Canada. In Encyclopedia of language and education (pp. 331-341). Springer US. Statistics Canada. (2013). 2011 National Household Survey: Immigration, place of birth, citizenship, ethnic origin, visible minorities, language and religion. Retrieved from Statistics Canada: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130508/dq130508b-eng.htm Tollefson, J.W. (Ed). (2002). Language policies in education: critical issues. Mahwah, N.J. : L. Okrainec, K., Booth, G. L., Hollands, S., Bell, C. M. (2015). Language Barriers Among the Foreign-Born in Canada: Agreement of Self-Reported Measures and Persistence Over Time. Journal of immigrant and minority health, 1-7. Workpermit. (2012). Language and employment biggest barriers for new Canadian immigrants. Retrieved from Workpermit: http://www.workpermit.com/news/language-and-employment-biggest-barriers-new-canadian-immigrants-20120725 Settlement.org. (n.d.). What is the Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada (LINC) program?. Retrieved from Settlement.org: http://settlement.org/ontario/education/english-as-a-second-language-esl/linc-program/what-is-the-language-instruction-for-newcomers-to-canada-linc-program/ Government of Canada. (2013). Backgrounder Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada (LINC) Program. Retrieved from Government of Canada: http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/department/media/backgrounders/2013/2013-10-18.asp Government of Canada. (2010). Evaluation of the Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada (LINC) Program. Retrieved from Government of Canada: http://www.cic.gc.ca/ENGLISH/resources/evaluation/linc/2010/appendix-a.asp#bftn55

Women in The Laxdaela Saga Essay -- essays research papers

Women in the Laxdaela Saga   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Men and women interact and make the world go around every single day. The idea of one gender being more important is very difficult to judge because men and women contribute equally and in different ways. The Laxdaela Saga is no exception to the interaction of men and women; much of the story depends upon these relationships. Although in medieval times women did not play a large role in society, they are very important in the Laxdaela Saga. Without the various gender related interactions the culture of medieval Iceland would not be as clearly understood one thousand years after the events have taken place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first woman of importance and really the first character of importance is Unn the Deep-Minded and the fortunes of her descendents. Unn is a very influential pioneer of the saga; she establishes dynasties in Scotland, the Faroe Islands and Orkney by marrying off her granddaughters to the men of her choice. Unn also laid claim to Breidafjord, an enormous area of land on the west coast of Iceland. Unn later gave away parts of Breidafjord to her followers according to their social standing and lineage. When Unn died she left her estate to her grandson Olaf Feilan. Following Unn’s death her name slowly fades out of the saga. Her tight control over her land and granddaughters is the entire story line of the first part of the Laxdaela Saga.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Other important...

Cypress: Alignment and Hr Strategy

Cypress Semiconductor Qn: Is the Cypress strategy aligned with its HR strategy? Why or why not? Cypress Semiconductor’s strategy mainly focuses on: †¢Winning: Provide the best and does not tolerate losing. oHiring the best people oReward based on meritocracy oMaximizing revenue †¢Innovation oLeading the innovation: best product, lowest pricing. oConstantly improving. Alignment to HR strategy Areas that the Cypress strategy aligns with its HR strategy: 1. Ownership Threats employees like entrepreneurs.Allowing employees to run the business like their own actually gave them empowerment and vested interest to do their personal best for their job. Positive results are treated with high return and recognition. This also in turn ensured maximum revenue and profits for their projects. 2. Career Opportunities Cypress Semiconductor is extremely aggressive to hire the best fit of people for their business. They will go to lengths of hiring the best people and pay them adequate compensation to retain them in the company. 3.Compensation Meritocracy in nature, the compensation scheme maintains that outstanding performers are rewarded, non-performers are eliminated. Stock options were given to performers to instill a sense of ownership in the company and the last 3% are deemed as non-performing and are unacceptable. 4. Hiring The almost military clock-work style in their hiring actions quick and precise. Offering at onset of the interview is an aggressive style in hiring and would probably a unique and effective way to get the people they want.Basically, Cypress is hiring people with the winning mentality, they are more likely to be looking for leaders in the hiring process. They will hire the people who can make quick and tough decisions and the candidates they hire are already pre-selected. The whole process of hiring I feel is indeed indigenous as it is self-eliminating. Survival of the toughest ensured that the best in the industry joined. Areas that the Cypress strategy that does not align with its HR strategy: 1. ‘Killer’ softwareThis system was in placed to help track and improve performance without the development of a bureaucracy in place. Eventually, the system caused the company to focus its attention to bad performance and eliminates the lower tail distribution, the non performing people. This in itself is bureaucratic and military as it does not have a single tolerance to failure. The increased monitoring under the ‘killer’ software became micro-managing in the whole process of performance measure. 2. Goals system This system was set to allow project driven process, that has speed and agility.And was supposed to help teams solve problems and dissolve conflicts. However the feedbacks were negative rather than constructive and highlights failures more than successes. This may not be useful for their annual staff review. 3. No failure tolerance The tough and intensive work environment created by Cypr ess was not for everyone. The stress faced by employees who do not fit is high. There are no other ways to help and retain these people. This tough and competitive environment contributed to the lack of sensitivity towards employees and customers.

Sacrifice as a proof for emotions Essays

Sacrifice as a proof for emotions Essays Sacrifice as a proof for emotions Essay Sacrifice as a proof for emotions Essay 1. Making sacrifices  The author looks at this theme from several viewpoints: to what extent are we ready to give to protect the ones we love, the difference between sexes (women seemingly being less selfish), also at sacrifice as a proof for emotions. Also, the play focuses on often very relative differences between sacrifice and duty.  2. Independence and freedom  The play manifests necessity of independence in life as well as in any relationship. Before everything else, we are human beings, not somebody elses spouses, children or dolls. Before duties and responsibilities that we have for others we have responsibilities to ourselves. Ibsen analyses the difference between the view that the individual has of himself and what his fellow humans opinions of him are, asserting that it is more important to gain self-respect than to suffice with fulfilling others expectations that may be in conflict with ones own. 3. (im)possibility to love truly  This is one of the problems of the modern life that are focused on in The Dolls House. The characters of this play marry (form relationships) because of money, or to feel useful, or just because they feel like they have to. Relationships that are commonly approached the most important in life, form between strangers, and it is unlikely to love somebody who is actually a stranger. What should be love reveals to be a game of doll and the doll master (Nora and Torvald) or a compensation of past failures (Christine and Krogstad). This problem is strongly linked to another theme in this work- 4. Alienation and loneliness  This is another modern calamity. Each of Ibsens characters is in some way or another detached from others and does not see the real meaning of his or her life. As it is shown at the end, Helmers only considered their marriage a proof that they have a goal in their lives; Krogstads and Christines unification was a desperate step, hoping that two unhappy, unsuccessful people will do better together. Nora, the central character, has been alienated from her life, even from her true self, for all her lifetime. She has lived like in a trance, accustomed to the role of somebody elses inferior. 5. Greediness and the exaggerated importance of money  Even though quite a lot of the problems discussed in the play arise from characters tendency to overestimate the importance of money, valuing that higher than feelings (Torvald, once Krogstad), I consider this only a minor theme. The reader has to re-evaluate his/her own attitudes, though.  6. Marriage  The view upon marriage that Ibsen has in this play is common now but was provocative at the time it was written. Here, marriage is revealed to be full of alienation even when both spouses have supposedly chosen it themselves (theoretically, Nora was not under pressure to marry Torvald). Ibsen stresses that marriage should be based upon equity; Noras sacrifice could not be compensated with the small sums of money that Torvald gave her (actually buying her physical love). A married couple should continue being individuals, not become each others supplements. 7. Human, particularly women, rights  8. Mens tendency to treat women as dolls  Ibsen notes the importance for each person to have the opportunity to explore and expose ones true identity. The play contains a powerful protest against role- playing that is often required and seemingly obligatory in the society. It shows how the individual can actually lose his own self (or never see a need to get to know who he really is and what he really thinks), pursuing the role that he mistakenly recognises as his own identity. Ibsen stresses that before being or becoming anything else, we are all equal human beings. As prejudices about the role that has to be played in family, are commonly afflicting women, and the main character is Nora, the play is more focused on women rights to their own lives, opinions and identities. The play also focuses on the theme of woman being a mans doll, which is itself nothing modern. This has been a common phenomenon, almost a tradition, established with the harems and polygamy before our era, and more than accurately proceeded until nowadays (one of the most popular striptease clubs in Riga is called Dolls). The play does not show the lasting nature of this tradition, but exposes it vividly and horribly enough.  Characters  Nora Helmer  Throughout nearly all the play, Nora demonstrates herself as a naive, a bit silly, inexperienced and obedient wife to her husband Torvald. She can hardly be referred to as a person, for there is nothing personal in her character all she is is what others, her father and Torvald, have made of her. However, during the play, Noras awareness of both herself and the world around her increases. She becomes able to recognise that her relationship with Torvald puts her in a position of a pet or a doll. Nora notes that Torvald, whom she has always assumed to be a good person (and wonderful husband), is actually mean- he is determined to sack Krogstad only because he assumes that Krogstads familiarity towards him might harm his reputation. Noras illusions of her husband and marriage quell completely when she sees Torvalds behaviour after he has read the letter informing of her fraud. Unexpectedly, Nora finds strength in herself to give up the lifestyle that she has been taught to pursue since her very childhood. Her sudden courage lets the reader anticipate other qualities that Nora might possess but has never been able to show. Torvald Helmer  Complete possessiveness over Nora and superior attitude are both observable in every Torvalds action that is linked to his wife. Torvald enjoys having total control, and not only over Nora (he gives Christine directions about knitting). At the same time, Torvald is a superficial, narrow-minded person (Nora rightly assumes that he will not love her when she will have grown old- Torvald can only feel physical attraction). He would not be able to be present at his best friends deathbed because of his dislike of weak, dying people. Torvald is unable to feel overwhelming emotions (perhaps except rage), to give to others. Setting  All the action of the play is set in the Helmers family house, which is situated in the centre of a city. The rooms are tastefully and pleasantly, but not very expensively furnished (Helmers have not been that financially secure). The house is cosy and warm, with a fireplace. The events take place in winter, beginning on Christmas Eve.  Vocabulary  Spendthrift, macaroon, skylark, precarious, imprudent, zealously, unassailable, obstinate, rogue, incubus, prompt, wedlock, heedless, elapse, variegated, tremendous, consternation.  Yet, I noticed some more specific vocabulary- all the names that Torvald has for Nora that reveal the nature of their relationship and Torvalds possessiveness: Both of these works deal with individuals role in society and more specifically, family. In Metamorphosis, Gregor is his familys material supporter, putting off dreams of his own; in A Dolls House, Nora Helmer is her husbands sexual plaything, not allowed to have her own will or identity. Both these characters leave their families. Nora realises that both her and her family members are too involved in a game of dolls and masters to be able to develop as human beings; Gregor, already turned into an insect, sees that his role in family as the sole supporter has actually allowed them to immerse in a state of artificial, prolonged apathy. There is one important difference between the two works- Ibsen has taken a position from which Noras decision at the end of the play seems entirely correct; Kafka, however, looks at the situation not only from Gregors, but from several viewpoints. In Metamorphosis, none of characters is completely wrong or correct because the author would have wanted it; the reader may decide by himself. However, the most significant mutual feature of these works is even more vital and it lies in their point of view, in the sense with which they are written- alienation, separation, inability to integrate oneself not only in the world, but also even in ones family. Both pieces main characters are in disharmony even with themselves. This makes both Metamorphosis and A Dolls House topical and substantial for the society- the main characters are common people going through the most serious and widespread problems of our time. Commentary  The play shows how easy it is to lose oneself in relationship. Others expectations may seem more important than preserving ones own self.  However, the play focuses on a rather extreme situation- in the Helmer family, Torvalds expectations to Nora are more like demands- to obey, to be his little squirrel, his doll. This is what lets us evaluate the whole situation and be quite certain that Torvalds actions are demagogical and harmful to Nora. In the real life, on the other hand, adaptation is a normal part of a lasting relationship, and the demands that are made are often logic. When my mother demands me to clean my room, I obey. I dont say that she hinders my development and oppresses my identity even though cleaning my room is an alternative to something relatively more valuable like writing a story. If I agree to clean my room, it does not make me anybodys doll, because I know about the sacrifices my mother has made or tried to make to bring me up and is still maki ng. But there are more difficult situations in life. For example- my father has four children and I am the eldest. I would like to try and find some interesting occupation connected with art or literature (both are my hobbies, and I have had enough success to keep going and see some perspectives for myself). Then again- these are not jobs that let one earn much, and I have good marks in nearly any subject. I am not sure of what will become of the other children. Further, my younger half-brother is invalid, some disease that I had, too, but in my case, the doctors did notice. With my brother, it was too late, and some parts of his brain had been damaged. Now, he is six, but he does not talk and has co-ordination problems. And basically, nothing can be done about it here in Latvia. I know he could get better help abroad, but that would cost very much. I feel like I owe him. It was mere chance that I was saved and he was not- sometimes I am not sure if he has any life at all, or that he will have. I have decided to get a proper education and enter a proper high school, and then find an occupation that would perhaps bore me to death, but give me chance to help my brother. And not only him- it might happen that I have a bunch of people to take care of, anything might happen.  But it might end up with them using me (approaching me as a money- making mechanism as Nora was approached as a doll) or feeling like they owe me. And I would partly have to give up my own true identity, too, to an extent, to do this money job. I do not know what I should do and what would be the right choice. But I am quite certain about what I will do. What seems to me uninteresting in this work is that it is so easy to see what the characters should do, to distinguish right from wrong. Of course, at that time the bond of marriage was considered more important, more sacred, than it is now, therefore the play could be received in a more disunited way- that Noras decision was incorrect. However, I dislike that Torvald seems so absolutely wrong (and a bad person besides), while Nora looks unquestionably correct. Ibsen has made everything seem so obvious- he does not remind the reader of motherless children, but focuses on Noras romantic, poetic quest for freedom. It makes the play too one-sided. However, the one-sided view does not deter the reader from paying more attention to another tendency in our society- the willingness with which individuals are ready to give up control over their lives, handing it over not only to their family members like Nora, but also to strangers (for example, reality shows; the excessive amounts of personal information often available to state; sadomasochism). I think that this fear of responsibility points to serious identity problems- so widespread that they have actually become problems of the whole society.

Definition and Examples of Edited American English

Definition and Examples of Edited American English Edited American English is a variety of Standard American English used in most forms of  academic writing. It is also called Standard Written English (SWE). Edited English commonly refers to writing that has been prepared for publication in print (in contrast to online writing). The Brown University Corpus of Edited American English (BUC) contains approximately one million words of present-day edited American English. Excluded from this corpus are any forms of spoken English as well as words found in verse, drama, and scientific writing. Commentary Edited American English is the version of our language that has come to be the standard for written public discourse- for newspapers and books and for most of the writing you do in school and on the job... Where did this description of Edited American English come from? It is the work through the years of many grammarians, many authors of textbooks and dictionaries, many editors who have taken it upon themselves to describe- and sometimes to prescribe- the version of English used by the influential writers and speakers of their day. Those writers and speakers dont say I dont have no money and He dont like me and I aint going- at least not in their public discourse. They say I dont have any money and He doesnt like me and Im not going, so those forms are the ones that get included in the grammar books and usage manuals as the standard. (Martha Kolln and Robert Funk, Understanding English Grammar, 5th ed. Allyn and Bacon, 1998)For college students, Edited American English consists of t he language used in formal written documents, for example, in course essays, assignments, and term papers. The rigorous editing required for those tasks is not as necessary in more informal writing, such as journal entries, freewriting, blogs, and first drafts. (Ann Raimes and Susan Miller-Cochran, Keys for Writers, 7th ed. Wadsworth, Cengage, 2014) Examples of Usage in EAE: Singulars and Plurals​ Edited American English and most conservative American commentary insist that the singular nouns kind, manner, sort, type, style, and way must be modified by singular demonstratives (this/that kind or manner or sort or style or way)  and that normally each will be followed by an of phrase with a singular object (this kind of dog, that manner of chatter, that sort of dilemma, this type of book, this way of writing). Further, these same conservative American standards insist that when kind, manner, sort, type, way, and the like are plural, then the preceding demonstratives and any count nouns serving as objects of the following prepositions must also be plural: these kinds of studies, those sorts of poems, these types of airplanes. But when the following objects of the preposition are mass nouns, they may be singular, as in those sorts of gravel, those types of sand, these ways of thinking. Whatever the American Edited English standards demand, however, British English and American C onversational and Informal uses clearly display a full range of combinations of singulars and plurals... (The Columbia Guide to Standard American English. Columbia University Press, 1993)

Friedrich Wilhelm August Frobel essays

Friedrich Wilhelm August Frobel essays Friedrich Frbel, or Froebel, is best known as the pioneer of the kindergarten system. Radical in his day, he highlighted the significance of play, theorizing that it is the elementary engagement with the world that provides understanding. Strongly influenced by Pestolazzi, Froebels ideas blossomed out of a kindness and desire to teach children by enhancing their natural tendencies, and focusing on their developmental stage as opposed to the traditional methods of the day which treated young children as small adults. Born in 1782, Friedrich Froebel was the youngest of several brothers. His mothers passing at the very tender age of nine months . . . influenced the whole environment and development of my being: I consider that my mother's death decided more or less the external circumstances of my whole life (Froebel 3). Froebel was basically raised by his older brothers because his father, a pastor, well known in his own right, was focused on the development of his parish while the servants charged with Froebels education were largely unavailable to him. Of course his fathers faith, as well as his work in botanicals, permeated the home and Froebel grew up with a strong sense of religion, spirituality, and its connection with Nature, which would later influence his work in education. After the death of one of his elder brothers, Froebel became commissioned with this brothers young sons. Heavily influenced by Pestalozzian philosophies, Froebel spent a fair amount of time observing these boys and their interaction with the world through play. Fascinated with the auto-didactic nature of this play, Froebel began to develop teaching methods of his own based on his observations and his personal views of the interconnectedness, or Universal Harmony of creatures with God and with nature. These methods were aimed at providing a warm environment that encouraged the ...

Reflectife 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reflectife 2 - Essay Example Above all the anxiousness regarding working in pairs, I am happy to say that I enjoyed working in pairs. My colleague made me feel happy toward the assignment and ensured I was satisfied with what I was doing. The way that we completed the work was well organized. From the beginning, we began to complete brainstorming. The brainstorming process was quite easy and we were able to stay focused on what we wanted for the assignment. The real trouble came when we began to work on the main parts of the assignment. Trouble arose because in class we covered many topics and the assignment was not that clear enough for us to understand. Once we moved past the clarity of the assignment, my colleague and I both became sick. Being sick made it quite difficult to get tasks done and complete the assignment. The assignment has also proven to be hard in regards to choosing references and credible sources for the assignment. This has proven to be quite difficult because although we worked twelve hours a day we did not get as many references as we would have liked. Thankfully, however we did get enough for the assignment. The assignment also required using a control chart. This also proved to be quite difficult because the calculations had to be accurate so that the control chart would have an accurate drawing. Receiving help from a previous teacher turned out to be a blessing as this helped us complete the assignment. After receiving the help completing the assignment my colleague and I were both satisfied with the results. I am now happy with how working in pairs on an assignment can turn

Fashion as a Culture and Identity Expression Tool Essay

Fashion as a Culture and Identity Expression Tool - Essay Example The essay "Fashion as a Culture and Identity Expression Tool" discovers the culture and identity expression tool of fashion. Travelling and interacting with the outside world exposes individuals to the multicultural nature of the world and the way different people in the globe dress. Through fashion, a Vietnamese is presented with an opportunity to represent his culture through construct and expressive identities in bigger cities across the world where they mingle with strangers. Through fashion, expressive statement about one’s individual culture and identities is enhanced as the accessories and nature of the clothing can only be directly associated with their clothing type. In this essay, the impacts of traditional and cultural wear in representing the identity and culture of a given group of people will be discussed. One example of a traditional wear that has been used to represent identities and make expressive statements about identities is the Indian women swear. Indian women have specific traditional wears such as the sari that is known and associated with the Indian women across the globe. This fashion has enabled the Indian women to make expressive statements about their individual identities and personality. The development of the world fashion can be described as a contemporary and cosmopolitan fashion that is exposed to the dynamics of changes blended by the different cultures. As a result, different new dresses and fashions are created daily and these include the use of the trench coats.

The findingds and dicussion chapter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8250 words

The findingds and dicussion chapter - Essay Example It is one of the most common developmental disorders. Autism in the recent years has shown an increasing profile, as regards acquiring a clear delineation and rising public awareness. This in turn has increased the importance of autism, both within the society, and especially within the realms of education systems. This paper gives an insight into the present educational support available for the autistic children, with a special focus on the special education programs for such students in Saudi Arabia. This paper also makes a review of the studies that explored the teachers' perspectives regarding the integrative model for students with autism. To achieve better results from the various special education programs and therapies, the general and special educators, the parents of children with autism, the policymakers, and other associated professionals should bear in mind the various critical peripherals of an effective educational program for the autistic children, within the present educational system of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Educational system for boys with autism in Saudi Arabia 1 Introduction 1 Background history â€Å"Autistic spectrum disorders are lifelong, complex, controversial, challenging to service providers, they can cause severe impairments and they are not uncommon† PHIS Report (2001, p.7) Autism is a form of developmental disorder that makes an appearance in an individual during the first 3 years of his life, and â€Å"affects the brain's normal development of social and communication skills† (PubMedHealth, Autism, 2010). This  disorder, which is associated with impairment in neural development,  is characterized by faulty social and  communicating skills, and in the perceived stereotyped and restricted behaviours of a child. Autism influences the information processing within the  human brain that occurs due to the changes in the structure, organisation, and connection, of the nerve cells and the  synapses (Levy, Mandell, and Schultz,  2009, par. Neurobiology). Autism is a part of the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASDs) that includes three (sometimes five, if Rett and childhood disintegrative disorder are included) clinically recognised disorders. These are: Autism; Asperger syndrome that shows the same characteristics as Autism, but is less severe in the sense that the child shows no impairment in cognitive and language development; and  Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified  (or PDD-NOS). The PDD-NOS is diagnosed, after all the standard diagnoses tests for Autism and Asperger Syndrome have failed to meet the required criteria (Johnson, C., Scott M., and the Council on Children with Disabilities, 2007, 1183-1186). Autism can be defined as a disorder of the â€Å"affective contact, as an organic dysfunction of biological origin, and as a neurological or brain disorder† (Marwick, Dunlop and MacKay, 2005, 8). This disorder vitiates the functional abilities of a chil d to form

Business and Society. Business Ethics. Application of ethical theory Essay

Business and Society. Business Ethics. Application of ethical theory to a case study - Essay Example Moreover, the analysis will consider the ways in which this particular author might have handled the situation better as well as a final judgment over whether or not Tom ultimately did the ethical good or bad in the given situation. With regards to the stakeholders within this specific case that has been listed, there are three. Firstly, there is Tom, the graphic artist working on a tight deadline at the heart of the ethical conflict. Tom represents that only individual within the case, who is faced with an ethical dilemma. The second shareholder is that of Nina, the Internet blogger whose content was unwittingly downloaded and copied by Tom in an attempt to meet the deadline he had with the supermarket chain. Lastly, the supermarket chain itself represents the third and final shareholder within this particular ethical case. Naturally, with regards to this particular case, the key ethical consideration at hand is whether or not Tom has acted ethically with relation to borrowing Ninaà ¢â‚¬â„¢s content without permission and passing it off as his own in an effort to appease his distributor. The case is somewhat compounded and complicated by the fact that initially Tom wished to do the right thing and contacted Nina with regards to her permission to use aspects of her artwork in finalizing his own project. However, as the deadline loomed closer and closer and Tom did not have the wherewithal to finish the project under his own power, he was seemingly ‘forced’ to proceed on with Nina’s design without ever hearing back regarding her confirmation on his ability to borrow key aspects of her own ideas. The issue, therefore, extends well beyond legalities and whether or not Nina’s artwork exhibited on her blog was available to Tom under the fair use clause of the law; rather, ethically speaking, the question centres upon whether or not Tom had the ethical right to borrow Nina’s artwork without her confirmation, whether it was ethical of Tom to pass this artwork along unattributed, and the degree and extent to which he had a moral and ethical obligation to his employer to produce genuine and original work to fulfil the order (Cuilla 2011, p. 340). With regards to evaluating this case using two ethical theories that have thus far been discussed within the confines of this course, it is the belief of this student that the two ethical theories that best apply to the given case in point are those of the ethics of rights and postmodern ethics. With regards to the ethics of rights, one can see quite plainly and fairly readily that the ultimate issue at the heart of the matter is whether or not Tom has the right to the material that he has borrowed/stolen without the consent of the original artists. In this sense, the theory of rights denotes that the following questions must be answered if an ethical decision is to result: whose rights are at stake, what are the corresponding obligations, and how should these rights be ra nked? With regards to the first one, the right of Nina as well as the rights of the supermarket are at stake. The rights of Nina relate, of course, to her right as the original artist to be secure in the fact that no one else is duplicating or passing off their own work as hers.

Judiasm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Judiasm - Essay Example One needs to include the thinking of a modern national identity that has a link with a specific land and culture and lastly, the description of Judaism must include the diverse sense of ethnicity allowing for secular Jews. Judaism cannot be generalized to refer solely or primarily to a religious faith as not all Jews believe in one God. There are some Jews who do not take part in the synagogue or home rituals. It is not, therefore, enough to say Judaism is merely faith among the many world religions. It should be clear to people that Jew and Judaism are relatively modern terms that need not be applied to the scriptural description of Judeans, Hebrews, and Israelites. This is to mean, the Judaism and Jews of this modern time have nothing to do with the scriptural description of the Hebrews, or the Christian scripture or the later church tradition. Not all Israelis are Jews, at the same time, it is important to understand that not all the Jews have a connection with the State of Israel. The scriptural Israelites should also not be confused with the todays Israelis. At the same time, the Jews should not be confused with the Hebrews or the scriptural Hebrews in either the Old or New Testaments. In each instance above, the term Jew has a different meaning. Judaism celebrates having both rich weekly and annual calendar. In their calendar, the Sabbath becomes their holiest day. The Sabbath here begins from Friday night to Saturday night. Both the creation of the universe and the Egypt exodus are related to the Sabbath, hence because its holiness. The period 1000-1650 C.E is referred to as the medieval period by the Jews where their relation with the major cultures and religions of both Islam and Christianity, took place. During this period, there was a tormented relationship between Judaism and Christianity. The period is also marked with the expelling of the Jews from the major

The history of African-Americans Research Paper

The history of African-Americans - Research Paper Example The paper will use the works of different Historians in understanding why Reconstruction Era efforts did not immediately guarantee civil rights and equality to African-Americans. The paper will highlight significant events that contributed to racial violence, cultural identity and black organisations that advanced the movements for social justice and civil rights to African-Americans and ultimately attainment of post-racial American society. The main events that the paper will focus on include the enactment of 13th amendment, Colfax Massacre, Wilmington race riots, Harlem Renaissance, Black power movements and recent election of an African-American as the President of United States. African Americans Introduction A majority of African Americans are the descendants of African slaves that were held in the US from 1600 until 1865. African-Americans were at times referred as the Negro, Blacks, colored Americans and Afro-Americans. African-Americans trace their ancestry from native Africa n tribes in Sub-Sahara Africa (Turner-sadler, 2009). African-Americans mainly came to the US as slaves working for both Portuguese and Spanish settlers. Most of the African-Americans were concentrated in the Southern states and a significant majority worked as slaves in the Southern plantations (Bair, 1997). According to Hornsby (2008), African-Americans history is characterized with racial struggles, violence, agitations for self-identity and determination and ultimately eventual integration in to the mainstream U.S political and social life. Thesis: the history and struggles of African-Americans have greatly contributed to the current civil rights in the United States. Enactment of 13th Amendment and commencement of Reconstruction Era There are numerous significant African-American historical events that shaped the current US bill of rights and social relations in the US. In 1865, American Civil War came to an end after Confederate forces conceded defeat to Union forces (Hornsby, 2008). Accordingly, Freedmen’s Bureau was also established in order to provide education and health services to the emancipated African-American slaves. The first significant event in African-American history was the enactment of the 13th amendment of US constitution in 1865 (Hornsby, 2008). The 13th Amendment effectively ended slavery and involuntary servitude across the United Slaves. McPherson (1971) is of the idea that President Lincoln was concerned that Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 had not effectively prohibited slavery since it had been declared only for Ten Confederate States and not the Border States. McPherson analyses the numerous House of Representative meetings that were geared at enacting the 13th amendments and the intentions of the legislators. According to McPherson, the 13th amendment offered the best opportunity for Reconstruction and end of slavery after the Civil War that had claimed lives of thousands of African-Americans. However, some states did n ot ratify the amendment the same year while others continued to subject blacks to involuntary servitude (Turner-sadler, 2009). The amendment contributed to the end of African-American slaves and later demand for equal human rights with White counterparts (Turner-sadler, 2009). The 13th amendment also paved way for subsequent reconstruction amendments that provided for equal protection under the law and due process in legal proceedings (Turner-sadler, 2009). Colfax Massacre of 1873 The Colfax Massacre that occurred on Easter Sunday 1873 is regarded as another critical event in the history of African-Americans since the end of the civil war (Laird, 2009). During the riots, more than one hundred African-Americans were

Business and Society. Business Ethics. Application of ethical theory Essay

Business and Society. Business Ethics. Application of ethical theory to a case study - Essay Example Moreover, the analysis will consider the ways in which this particular author might have handled the situation better as well as a final judgment over whether or not Tom ultimately did the ethical good or bad in the given situation. With regards to the stakeholders within this specific case that has been listed, there are three. Firstly, there is Tom, the graphic artist working on a tight deadline at the heart of the ethical conflict. Tom represents that only individual within the case, who is faced with an ethical dilemma. The second shareholder is that of Nina, the Internet blogger whose content was unwittingly downloaded and copied by Tom in an attempt to meet the deadline he had with the supermarket chain. Lastly, the supermarket chain itself represents the third and final shareholder within this particular ethical case. Naturally, with regards to this particular case, the key ethical consideration at hand is whether or not Tom has acted ethically with relation to borrowing Ninaà ¢â‚¬â„¢s content without permission and passing it off as his own in an effort to appease his distributor. The case is somewhat compounded and complicated by the fact that initially Tom wished to do the right thing and contacted Nina with regards to her permission to use aspects of her artwork in finalizing his own project. However, as the deadline loomed closer and closer and Tom did not have the wherewithal to finish the project under his own power, he was seemingly ‘forced’ to proceed on with Nina’s design without ever hearing back regarding her confirmation on his ability to borrow key aspects of her own ideas. The issue, therefore, extends well beyond legalities and whether or not Nina’s artwork exhibited on her blog was available to Tom under the fair use clause of the law; rather, ethically speaking, the question centres upon whether or not Tom had the ethical right to borrow Nina’s artwork without her confirmation, whether it was ethical of Tom to pass this artwork along unattributed, and the degree and extent to which he had a moral and ethical obligation to his employer to produce genuine and original work to fulfil the order (Cuilla 2011, p. 340). With regards to evaluating this case using two ethical theories that have thus far been discussed within the confines of this course, it is the belief of this student that the two ethical theories that best apply to the given case in point are those of the ethics of rights and postmodern ethics. With regards to the ethics of rights, one can see quite plainly and fairly readily that the ultimate issue at the heart of the matter is whether or not Tom has the right to the material that he has borrowed/stolen without the consent of the original artists. In this sense, the theory of rights denotes that the following questions must be answered if an ethical decision is to result: whose rights are at stake, what are the corresponding obligations, and how should these rights be ra nked? With regards to the first one, the right of Nina as well as the rights of the supermarket are at stake. The rights of Nina relate, of course, to her right as the original artist to be secure in the fact that no one else is duplicating or passing off their own work as hers.

The history of African-Americans Research Paper

The history of African-Americans - Research Paper Example The paper will use the works of different Historians in understanding why Reconstruction Era efforts did not immediately guarantee civil rights and equality to African-Americans. The paper will highlight significant events that contributed to racial violence, cultural identity and black organisations that advanced the movements for social justice and civil rights to African-Americans and ultimately attainment of post-racial American society. The main events that the paper will focus on include the enactment of 13th amendment, Colfax Massacre, Wilmington race riots, Harlem Renaissance, Black power movements and recent election of an African-American as the President of United States. African Americans Introduction A majority of African Americans are the descendants of African slaves that were held in the US from 1600 until 1865. African-Americans were at times referred as the Negro, Blacks, colored Americans and Afro-Americans. African-Americans trace their ancestry from native Africa n tribes in Sub-Sahara Africa (Turner-sadler, 2009). African-Americans mainly came to the US as slaves working for both Portuguese and Spanish settlers. Most of the African-Americans were concentrated in the Southern states and a significant majority worked as slaves in the Southern plantations (Bair, 1997). According to Hornsby (2008), African-Americans history is characterized with racial struggles, violence, agitations for self-identity and determination and ultimately eventual integration in to the mainstream U.S political and social life. Thesis: the history and struggles of African-Americans have greatly contributed to the current civil rights in the United States. Enactment of 13th Amendment and commencement of Reconstruction Era There are numerous significant African-American historical events that shaped the current US bill of rights and social relations in the US. In 1865, American Civil War came to an end after Confederate forces conceded defeat to Union forces (Hornsby, 2008). Accordingly, Freedmen’s Bureau was also established in order to provide education and health services to the emancipated African-American slaves. The first significant event in African-American history was the enactment of the 13th amendment of US constitution in 1865 (Hornsby, 2008). The 13th Amendment effectively ended slavery and involuntary servitude across the United Slaves. McPherson (1971) is of the idea that President Lincoln was concerned that Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 had not effectively prohibited slavery since it had been declared only for Ten Confederate States and not the Border States. McPherson analyses the numerous House of Representative meetings that were geared at enacting the 13th amendments and the intentions of the legislators. According to McPherson, the 13th amendment offered the best opportunity for Reconstruction and end of slavery after the Civil War that had claimed lives of thousands of African-Americans. However, some states did n ot ratify the amendment the same year while others continued to subject blacks to involuntary servitude (Turner-sadler, 2009). The amendment contributed to the end of African-American slaves and later demand for equal human rights with White counterparts (Turner-sadler, 2009). The 13th amendment also paved way for subsequent reconstruction amendments that provided for equal protection under the law and due process in legal proceedings (Turner-sadler, 2009). Colfax Massacre of 1873 The Colfax Massacre that occurred on Easter Sunday 1873 is regarded as another critical event in the history of African-Americans since the end of the civil war (Laird, 2009). During the riots, more than one hundred African-Americans were

Guns, schools and criminal minds Essay Example for Free

Guns, schools and criminal minds Essay Due to a massive shootings events in the last years, we, the people have been wondering Is it a good idea to have guns in our childrens school? Ive always believe that schools are the safest places in the world, until December 14, 2012, when 20 years old Adan Lanza fatally shot twenty children and 6 adult staff members at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut. Now, do you feel safe when leaving your child at school? and, would you agree in sending your children off to a place full of guns? David Thweatt, superintendent of schools in Harrold, Texas, described how his small rural district implemented a plan to allow some staff members to carry concealed weapons in addition to other security members. Mr. Thweatt emphasizes that they are at least half-hour away from closest law enforcement ofï ¬ cials, they believe that they have done everything possible to protect their children. This plan is called The Guardian Plan. Many people think that the world without guns would be a world at peace, this people claim that they love their children enough to not want them to go to school prisons. Plenty of new issues can emerge while teachers carry guns, who is going to protect them if a teacher lose control? Different opinions say that having an armed staff of educators will only increase the problem, they think that bad people are the problem and government should focus on create better and smarter solutions to keep bad people off to schools. According to teachers, they feel offended when someone scoff the idea of a teacher being trained to use a ï ¬ rearm, they already have much to deal with, such a crowd control, conï ¬â€šict resolution, and maintain order amidst chaos. Unfortunately, Mr. Thweatts is not very popular on educators†¦ However, a job as a teacher does not require to be armed, they have enough responsibilities to in addition put the weight of carrying a ï ¬ rearm over their shoulders. These money may well be used to buy books, pencils, electronic equipment, to keep classes that have been suspended due to lack of income, and some other needs that we all know most school have. On the other hand, the tragic situation in Sandy Hook Elementary has changed many peoples mind. Having a good guy adequately trained would be a great way to keep terrorist off schools and most important to keep children safe. As long as all the staff involved had passed all different kind of tests, it should be an idea to considerate. We need immediate solutions, and since NRA will always support our gun culture, and acquiring a gun has only became easier we need something that work, something that give us peace every time we leave our kids at school. The Guardian Plan may be our best bet to avoid, and be aware of catastrophic act of terrorist. At the same time that I believe guns against guns are only more death and danger, I also believe that we are not in a position to decline systematized plans that will keep our children protected. Many people might believe that the children would be living on the edge while being in a guns environment, for now, and until our society shows progress, I will be strongly agree with the idea of having schools prepared to any kind of terrorist attack.

Small and Large Business Differences

Small and Large Business Differences

Combining Environmental Groups in Order to Preserve Wildlife :: Environment Environmental Pollution Preservation

Combining Environmental Groups in Order to Preserve Wildlife Environmental issues have been a problem all over the world.   Some species are constantly being declared endangered and on the verge of extinction.   A group of concerned people join together to raise funds in order to improve the habitat or produce more of   the endangered species.   These organizations have proved to be successful.   Many have even removed plants and animals from the long list of endangered species.   A problem that persists within the environment groups is the use of funding.   The organizations bring in a great deal of money from contributors, but all of the donations are not going toward the groups certain goal to save the endangered.   Some of the money is spent on paying employees, organization expenses, and most of all on advertising (Belt 2).   It is absolutely unnecessary for donated money to be spent just to get more contributors.   If that money went toward the use of scientific work or habitat repair, the environment groups would be and even greater success and so much more could be done to preserve the planets endangered.   I propose that we combine all environmental groups into one.   If they were to all join together, so much more could be done to save the plants and animals that are becoming extinct.   Environment groups have already done so much to help better the wildlife.   Many have raised enough money to improve the habitat of and endangered species or even encourage the reproduction of almost extinct animals.   This is what they should be doing with all of the money that is donated toward the certain organizations, but it is not (Short 1).   The groups have to spend a great deal of their money for a numerous amount of unnecessary reasons.   They have to pay for traveling, promotions, and advertising, which in no way benefits the endangered plants and animals.   One of the main reasons for combining all of the groups, is that it would be more beneficial for   the spending of funds.   The amount of money that environmental groups bring in is outrageous.   One of the larger groups has an annual budget of $64 million dollars.   They turn around and spend $54 million dollars of that for advertising in order to get more contributors (Belt 1).   So much of the money donated to environmental groups is spent on frivolous activities.   $12 million dollars is being spent to keep a killer wale happy.

In Favor of Marijuana Legalization Essay -- Illegal Drugs Legalize Nar

In Favor of Marijuana Legalization My personal opinion in the argument of legalizing marijuana is that I really cannot see the harm in it. This of course is a bold and naive statement. There is a lot of contributing factors into my bold and naive statement that if understood will explain my callow view. It is widely known that the Supreme Court voted in a 6-3 outcome against legalizing the use of medical marijuana for glaucoma patients. The court ruled that ?medical necessity? is no defense to the distribution or use of marijuana, which is classified as a ?Schedule I? drug under the Controlled Substances Act in 1970(Tabetha). American citizens that are found guilty of using cannabis are charged with a fine of $1000, or sentenced to six months in jail. Marijuana is the most used drug in the United States and about sixty million Americans over the age of twelve have tried it at least once despite the fact of the forbiddance by the American government. Many studies have shown evidence of beneficial use of cannabis and that it is also less harmful than cigarettes and alcohol. Cannabis is the short for the scientific name Cannabis Sativa, which contains THC. Tetrahdrocannabinol (THC) is chemical that affects a person?s mood and feelings. It is also a lower, or relaxant, meaning that it slows down brain function. It can give people symptoms such as hallucinations, sedation or stimulation. When the cannabis leaves and flowers, or bud, are dried they can be smoked like a cigarette or put in food as marijuana. Hashish, a far more potent version of marijuana, is the resign of the plant and is referred to as hash which can be formed into cubes, or also eaten or smoked. When using cannabis, it is entered the bloodstr... ...l/alcohol/alcohol.html>. Rajee, Suri. Weed Wars. CNN. CNN Interactive, 1997. 9 Mar. 2008 . Spelhaug, Nicole. Marijuana as Medicine. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education. Mayoclinic, 2006. 9 Mar. 2008 . Potter, Beverly, and Dan Joy. The Healing Magic of Cannabis. Berkely: Ronin, 1998. 101-150. Harry, Gray M. Why Not Regulate Marijuana Like Alcohol. Common Sense. Common Senses for Drug Policy, 2006. 9 Mar. 2008 . Deluca, Alexander. Crimes of Indescretion:Marijuana Arrests Made in the United States. Addiction, Pain, & Public Health Website. 2005. 9 Mar. 2008 . Krause, Mike. Pot Enforcement Waste F Resources. Independant Institute. 2006. 9 Mar. 2008 .

Junk Food Essay

Hello, my name is Daniela and I am here today to share my opinion about banning junk food, and hopefully I change your opinion, if you disagree with me. Well, junk food is food that’s very high in fat, sugar, and calories. It hardly has protein, vitamins, or minerals. I know it may be very tasty and good, but it’s not so good for your body. Eating junk food can cause your brain to get addicted to it in a way like drugs do. You’ll constantly think you need it, when you don’t. If you go a couple weeks without junk food and you’re use to eating it, you’ll want it even more, which is bad. Poor eating habits as a kid, become worse when you’re an adult. Eating it for years can cause obesity. Over 31. 8% of children in America are obese or overweight. This all leads to heart problems, diabetes, and other health problems. It can also cause cavities and other dental problems. Junk food also has a lack of oxygen, which is what feeds the brain and the rest of the body. Lack of oxygen causes fatigue and lack of concentration. A lot of studies also show that kid’s grades are sliding down very fast, due to being tired and lack of concentration. They can’t keep all the information they’re learning in their head. Parents should monitor their kid’s diet, but at school they can’t. Therefore the school should help the students in deciding what’s better for their nutrition. Kids do what they see other people do no matter if it’s bad or good. They see us eating a lot of junk food; they’ll eat a lot of junk food. They see us being healthy; they’ll want to become healthy. So why teach them that eating a lot of junk food is healthy? At home, maybe some parents may not care what their kid eats; therefore they should at least have one healthy meal provided by the school. Many students like to go and socialize with their friends during lunch since they can’t really talk or see each other any other times during school. Therefore, they’ll want to just grab a quick snack, like a type of junk food, and just leave to go talk with their friends. They aren’t eating a good meal and are just putting junk in their body. It’s much better if the school bans it and replaces the junk food with a healthy snack so at least the person can be eating something good for them. What if the school makes you take P. E. more than you’re required to since they decided to keep junk food? I know many of you hate it. So I don’t know about you, but I rather be eating healthy, than be trying to lose those calories I got from the junk food. I rather not even be taking P. E. another year just because they decided to keep that junk. Also, students are taught in health classes about healthy eating, and if the schools promotes and sells junk food, then the school contradicts its purpose of teaching this. The money you waste on junk food funds most of the cool and new stuff we get for our school. The school board should be paying for this stuff. They’re basically making money off your poor health choices. I hope you see things my way now and think about supporting the idea of banning junk food in school. Thank you for your listening!

Project manager for a Cable Planning Essay

As the project manager for a Cable Planning team, I will manage the creation of the cable plan for a new building that will be built, with construction set to begin in six weeks. My first task in creating a Cabling Plan is to develop an Executive Summary that will contain the Project Introduction and Infrastructure Cable Specifications and Standards. My manager gave me the overall project plan that includes: A detailed description of the new building, including the total number of computers for all of the employees of the company. Also the server and network topology hardware that is required to put the system together. Cable Standards and Codes: ANSI/NEMA Standards Publication No. WC 66-2001 â€Å"Performance Standard for Category 6 and Category 7 100 Ohm Shielded and Unshielded Twisted Pair Cables† ANSI/TIA/EIA-526-7 â€Å"Measurement of Optical Power Loss of Installed Single-Mode Fiber Cable Plant† ANSI/TIA/EIA-526-14A â€Å"Optical Power Loss Measurements of Installed Multimode Fiber Cable Plant† BICSI TDMM â€Å"Telecommunications Distribution Methods Manual, 11th Edition† CENELEC EN 50173:2000 and amendments â€Å"Information Technology – Generic Cabling Systems† IEC/TR3 61000-5-2 – Ed. 1.0 and amendments â€Å"Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 5: Installation and mitigation guidelines – Section 2: Earthing and cabling† ISO/IEC 11801:2002 Ed 2.0 and amendments â€Å"Information technology – Generic cabling for customer premises† NFPA70 National Electric Code – Article 645 and Article 800 2.2.15. NFPA 70E â€Å"Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, 2004 Edition† 2.2.16. NFPA 75 â€Å"Standard for the Protection of Information Technology Equipment, 2003 Ed.† Building Standards and Codes: ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1, ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2, ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.3, and addenda â€Å"Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard – Part 1: General Requirements† â€Å"Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard – Part 2: Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling Components (December 2003)† â€Å"Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard – Part 3: Optical Fiber Cabling and Components Standard† ANSI/TIA/EIA-569-B and addenda â€Å"Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces† ANSI/TIA/EIA-606-A and addenda â€Å"Administration Standard for the Telecommunications Infrastructure of Commercial Buildings† NFPA 76 â€Å"Standard for the Fire Protection of Telecommunications Facilities, 2005 Edition† ANSI-J-STD-607-A and addenda â€Å"Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding Requirements for Telecommunications† Project Materials †¢Fiber-Optic Design Considerations a)We will be utilizing fiber optics in various ways. We will be crafting the backbone, and riser runs with fiber optic cables. †¢Basement Server Complex Design a)The server will have a network capacity that exceeds the 110 people/computers in the basement. One computer per person. b)We will patch each of these computers to the wall outlet with standard Cat6 patch cables. c)Risers and backbones will be constructed with fiber optic cables. d)Horizontal runs with utilize Cat6 cabling. e)We will need 5 Cisco WS-C3750 G-24PS-S:24 Ports catalyst switches to maintain the minimum standard of having 4 ports free on each switch †¢Standard Floor Design a)The network capacity of this design is to exceed 200 people/computers. One computer per person. b)I will patch each of these computers to the wall outlet with standard Cat6 patch cables. c)Risers and backbones will be constructed with fiber optic cables. d)Horizontal runs with utilize Cat6 cabling. e)I will need 10 Cisco WS-C3750 G-24PS-S:24 Ports catalyst switches to maintain the minimum standard of having 4 ports free on each switch. †¢Fiber-Optic Characteristics: a)SC connectors will be used to terminate optical cables. †¢Bandwidth a)The hardware we are installing will have a speed of 1Gbps. †¢Attenuation a)I will use special tools to test for attenuation as the project progresses, and replace accordingly. †¢Electromagnetic Immunity a)I will periodically test for interference. †¢Link Performance Analysis a)I will schedule periodic tests to verify performance, and bandwidth speeds. †¢Cable Transmission Performance a)I will test for inconsistencies in transmissions sent and received. †¢Splice and Connector Performance a)I will test each termination and connector to ensure it meets or exceeds the expected standards. †¢Power Budget a)I will calculate each devices power requirement, to ensure adequate power is provided. b)I will use energy efficient methods, which will not sacrifice performance, but ensure that utility costs do not exceed the budget. Standard floor layout

In the United States, we do not need to plan for retirement. Social Essay - 1

In the United States, we do not need to plan for retirement. Social Security will cover our needs when we are retired - Essay Example Thus, there is an overall increase in the global population, which is going to have repercussions not only on the United States, but also on the global community. One of the areas in which our future society is going to be most effected is in the field of social security because the growth of our population and the rise of an older generation of people is going to cause economic havoc not only on benefits such as tax cuts and social security, but also on the entire economic system. Social security was created as a social welfare program that was designed to take care of people as they aged and became less productive members of society. It was first proposed by Roosevelt as part of the New Deal in order to move America out of the Great Depression. Since then, the original concept and act has been rewritten and developed so that it can stay current with the times and adapt to meet the demands/changes of the population. It was designed so that at a certain point, people would retire, ho wever they would still be receiving a check from the government every month that would help pay for their living expenses. In this way, equilibrium would be kept between those that were younger and more productive in the working environment by freeing up the jobs held by older people. It is through taxation that the government is able to fund the checks to take care of the elderly, however there are problems that will be facing a new generation of people, as there is an increase in the number of elderly (Livingston 1-31). As stated previously, the lives of humanity are being expanded due to advances in medical science and people are now having more children. There is an accelerated growth in the human population on the planet that is going to have problems keeping up with this growing population. In the United States, this is going to be seen with the â€Å"Baby Boomers.† These were individuals that were born between the years of 1946 and 1964. This explosive growth in the po st-world war II population was good in that it stimulated the economy by providing a workforce to both work and consume in the economy. With an increasing number of these Baby Boomers retiring, more and more money is being used from social security, which is putting a strain on this economic system. Along with the already increasing budget cuts and problems with taxation, there is not enough funds coming into the system in order to provide financial benefits after retirement. In essence, the current workforce is going to be paying for these people’s social security, but will have no form of social security of their own. By the time it reaches the next generation of children to retire, there will be very few benefits of social security remaining (Andersen, and Taylor 370-75). Social security is also having an effect on the medical care system and vice versa. One of the benefit adjuncts of social security is the medical insurance that is supplied to all senior citizens. Again, this is supplied through the taxation of the population. As more elderly citizens begin to tap into this resource, the less that will be left for the rest of the population once they hit retirement age. Even though medical technology has become more advanced and is saving lives, there is a costly rise in the costs of healthcare associated not only with the implementation of treatments and procedures, but also with the research and development that goes into the creation of these. More and more

Annotated Bibliography-Terence-W8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Annotated Bibliography-Terence-W8 - Essay Example The elderly perceptions should change as it was the key to the resistance. Peek, S. T., Wouters, E. J., van Hoof, J., Luijkx, K. G., Boeije, H. R., & Vrijhoef, H. J. (2014). Factors influencing acceptance of the technology for aging in place: a systematic review. International journal of medical informatics, 83(4), 235-248. The article is the publication by the pub med. The study tries to examine factors that affect technology acceptance among the older persons in the society. In this regard, it establishes that factors of post implementation of the technology were detrimental to technology adoption. Information concerning the study was available, and the authors propose for further studies to investigate if the factors are interrelated. The literature was not provided, but methods of research were limited to mixed surveys of other studies done by different individuals. The methods of analysis were unique since no study had used them. It is necessary for the factors of implementation of technology to be favorable to the older persons since they acted as inhibitors to technology acceptance. Pub Med published the article. The study observes that social networking sites can improve the quality of life of the senior members as they enhance their communication ability. They can communicate easily with their family members and the young generation that increases their intergenerational communication. Not much information was available regarding the study, and the authors were silent on future research. The literature review was less in depth but offered a good insight for the reader to integrate the study. The methods of analysis were by systematic reviews of the various articles that were common to other studies. It is significant for the seniors to embrace the social networking as it helps bring them closer to the young generation. This is an extensive

Courtship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Courtship - Essay Example Imitating the striking colors and enticing odors nature endows on other living creatures for necessitating mutual attraction which is a prerequisite to sexual consummation, women have adopted sexual statements through their attire and perfumes. Even though men have also taken up this task eventually, the amount to which a female tries to attract someone from the opposite sex through ‘make-up’ is much higher. The most prominent aspect through which sexual suggestiveness is achieved is the use of lipstick. In psychoanalytical readings, the symbolic significance of lips is related to the genital organ, and the ways in which women try to highlight their lips reveals their subconscious longing to express themselves sexually. In every culture, a young woman with deeply colored lips sends the message of sexual desirability. The innovations in women’s attire through the centuries had been amazing. The restricted innovativeness in men’s attire makes clear which gender is more interested in attracting the other through dress. While the inner wear of men serves a functional purpose except in very few exhibitionistic instances, women’s inner wear is under a constant flux of fashion statements. Likewise, the general dress patterns of women undergo much more changes than men’s dress could ever aspire to. There is not much scope for men to accentuate their body parts through their dress while women could choose from varying levels of suggestiveness and exposure through clever ways of dressing. The cosmetic products aimed at female customers abound supermarkets while there are only a few number of such products for men. The time an average woman spends on a hairdo or her skin tone is sufficient to explain the presence of so many women-centered cosmetics in the market. The general grooming of a girl to become a proper lady takes place from the moment she is born, while boys are not generally trained to acquire as many qualities to

Journal entry #8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journal entry #8 - Essay Example tween the target language and the learners first language and the other sequenced according to increasing linguistic complexity of target language items† (1984, p. 691). A discussion on the syllabus design based on disparities between L1 and L2 structures were subsequently presented where the author identified that the most difficult phase was learning crucial elements in the target language that were absolutely absent in the student’s native language. Therefore, various guidelines and contributions were presented for syllabus design and proposed development on the complexity of the second language was appropriately delved into. Accordingly, the author noted that â€Å"recent findings from interlanguage research suggest several ways in which attention to certain aspects of traditional approaches to syllabus design-specifically, L1 transfer and L2 complexity-can be used in selecting, sequencing, and grading items for the syllabus† (Pica, 1984, p. 700). The article is most useful for teachers in the development and design of effective syllabus considering disparities and complexities in interlanguage instructions and learning. Through the guidelines provided in the discourse for syllabus design from the noted cross-linguistic research, educators are illumined on instructional approaches and methods that would facilitate teaching a second language more

His202 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

His202 - Essay Example This movement aimed at destroying the political power of the saloons’ based local bosses. It promoted suffrage of women to a more pure female voting in the arena. The activists involved in this movement came together to reform the local government. During that period, corruption during made politics a very dark activity and the nation responded by having a progressive movement. The cities were overcrowded with very many laborers who were very poor as a result of very poor working conditions. There were growing issues or challenges such as very fast economic changes and social changes which resulted from the revolution in industries in the entire America. This movement established itself outside the government and later on forced the whole entire government to take control and deal with the vital challenges facing America. This movement started in the year 1896 and this was before America entered into the World War 1 which commenced in the year 1917. The people in the middle class social ladder and supporters such the lawyers, business persons, teachers, ministers and physicians were the main people where the movement drew its support from. The people namely the progressives who were the activists supported scientific methods of operating the economy. These scientific methods involved applied economics, schooling, theology, education, finance, industry and the families also. The progressives felt that this way of operation was the best and more efficient and saved on time unlike the traditional way of operation which was a waste of time and a ground for inefficiency. The commitment of the progressives focused on changing the manner in which the state operated, changing the society’s lifestyle and finally improving the economy. Investigative journalists also referred to as Muckrakers type of journalists were among the people who helped in making the movement a success were. Muckrakers were those journalist who

Identify and define and explain the different aspects to interpersonal Essay

Identify and define and explain the different aspects to interpersonal communication based on a Twilight Zone episode - Essay Example However, this is made clear in the end, as Marilyn, a girl who has her own mind, and who does not want the transformation, is nonetheless forced to transform, and her personality becomes exactly the same as her friend, Val, who had made the transformation earlier. The goal is to make everybody exactly the same. Why is this the reality in this universe? Professor Sig explains it. He states that the world suffered from a great deal of inequality, so the leaders of the world decided to do something about this. What they decided upon doing was that they would make everybody the same, and they would eliminate ugliness. The theory was that ugliness makes men hate, so, if nobody was ugly, then nobody would hate one another anymore. The unfortunate side effect is that the world becomes the same, and there is therefore not a place to dissent. As Marilyn pointed out, Dostoyevsky was an ugly man, yet he wrote about beautiful things. The implication is that Dostoyevsky could not exist in the pre sent world, because he wrote about things that would be abhorrent to the people in this sanitized world. The irony is that Marilyn, herself, appeared to be a girl who might have great ideas – she was intelligent and strong-willed. ... Marilyn had good feelings about her father, and she looked up to him. She told her uncle that she and her father used to talk about things that mattered in life. They used to talk about things that did not have to do with superficiality, which is what everybody is literally interested in after transformation. Their ideas transcended this, and the implication was that this kind of communication was only possible between people who had not transformed. So, this is what Marilyn feared, most of all - that she would lose the ability to coherently communicate after her transformation, because she understood that, after transformation, she would no longer have the ideas that she currently had. Her head would be filled with nothing but positivity and â€Å"liquid smiles,† and she apparently found this abhorrent. Not only was the ability to communicate important to Marilyn, the communication itself was important to her. She felt close to her father because she communicated with him. Sh e wanted to feel the same closeness with her mother, Lana, and her best friend, Val. She tried to communicate, in vain, with them about how she was feeling and why she was feeling the way that she was. However, it was clear that her communication with them, and all the others, including Dr. Rex, Dr. Sig, and Uncle Rick, that her communication with them was falling on deaf ears. None of them heard her – they were only hearing what they wanted to hear, and that was that transformation was good. Therefore, when she tried to communicate the idea that, for her, transformation was bad, they couldn't understand this, and they didn't hear her reasoning. While her need to communicate fulfilled her

Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Indus Valley Essay Example for Free

Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Indus Valley Essay Throughout the history of Earth, there have been many fascinating developments, the most prominent being the first civilizations, Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. They had many similarities, such as characteristics of early civilizations and social structures, but they also had their differences. The most embossed differences included the divergent geography, prior belief, trade, relations with other civilizations, and politics. The earliest societies, such as Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt exhibiting indicator traits of civilization developed along the floodplains of great rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates in Iraq, and the Nile in Egypt. People had settled in Mesopotamia by 7000 B. C. and the First Dynasty of Egyptian rulers was founded before 3000 B. C. , implying a much earlier period of occupation in the Nile River valley and delta. To protect themselves and channel the forces of nature, people living near the rivers created new technologies and forms of political and social organization. The geographical similarities were that both civilizations resided on banks of major rivers, Tigris Euphrates, and Nile. Another similarity is that both civilizations developed a writing system. It first appeared in Mesopotamia before 3300 B. C. E.  Cuneiform was the name of it, and wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables. Hieroglyphics were the Egyptians’ way of writing, and it had been developed by the beginning of the early Dynastic period. Pictorial symbols represented sounds, syllables, or concepts. Literacy was confined to a relatively small group of scribes and administrators in both of these civilizations due to long period of study required to master the systems. Also, both civilizations had social classes, with the king and the royal families at the top, next were the priests, local leaders and artisans, and lastly, slaves and peasants occupied the bottom. Both Mesopotamians and Egyptians acquired substantial knowledge about mathematics, engineering, medicine, and transportation for various reasons such as, creating calendars, calculating the quantity of agricultural produce, building temples and pyramids, and practice astronomy. Egypt and Mesopotamia were in contrast to one another in many ways. Egypt emphasized strong central authority, while Mesopotamian politics shifted more frequently over a substructure of regional city-states. They were also culturally different; Egypt developed in relative isolation, all foreigners were considered enemies while Mesopotamia was a multicultural society. Also, Egypt was well endowed with natural resources and far more self-sufficient than Mesopotamia. They used papyrus reeds growing in marshy areas to make sails, ropes, and a kind of paper. Hunters pursued the abundant wild animals and birds in the marshes. Egypts art and architecture are very different from Mesopotamia. From pyramids to temples, rigid pharaohs to flowing art of Amarna, Egypts style was totally different from Mesopotamias. Mesopotamian art focused on less monumental structures. In Mesopotamia, women lost social standing and freedoms in societies where agriculture superseded hunting and gathering; whereas in Egypt, they are depicted with dignity and respect, could own properties, and inheritance from their parents was possible. Both civilizations traded differently but Mesopotamia was more productive due to technological advance. Egypt’s interests abroad focused on maintain access to valuable resources rather than acquiring territory. Both Mesopotamia and Egypt were ruled by kings, however, in Egypt, their kings were called pharaohs and they had significantly more power than the Mesopotamian kings of the city-states. Also, relating the above comparisons to larger global context, The Indus Valley is one of the worlds earliest urban civilizations, along with its contemporaries, Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. One of the differences between these three civilizations is that there is a large quantity of metal in the Indus Valley than in Mesopotamia and Egypt, and most metals are utilitarian tools and everyday objects. However, more jewelry and other decorative objects have been unearthed in Mesopotamia and Egypt. Also, Indus Valley people were technologically skilled in irrigation and using the potter’s wheel. They also have a system of writing with more than 400 signs. Like the Mesopotamians, the people of Indus Valley had widespread trading contacts reaching as far as Mesopotamia. There is little known about the political, social, and economic institutions of Inds Valley, however, there is a statue called the â€Å"Priest-King† because some scholars believe it may represent someone with religious and secular authority, but the true identity of this person is unknown. Conclusively, certain traits are indicators of civilization such as: political system based on control of a defined territory, long-distance trade, and major advances in science and the arts are among others, which the earliest societies, such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Indus Valley have exhibited. They were the first civilizations to develop high levels of political centralization and urbanization. Because little is known about the Indus Valley people, there is not a lot of information for their political and social status; however, they clearly possessed the technology which par with those found in Mesopotamia and Egypt.